Sunday, September 15, 2019
Movie Scene Evaluation
Movie Scene Evaluation Project Analysis 1) Apply all eight Elements of Interpersonal Communication to you scene. The clip illustrates a very good example of interpersonal communication. In this clip Alpachino (The Blind man) is the major source (encoder) in interpersonal communication. Charlie (Suspect/Witness), Dean, Willis Jr. , disciplinary committee and the student body are the decoders of the messages. The crowd is astounded by the encoder and gave a positive timely feedback which gave confident to the speaker to give the speech boldly.The bridge (channel) connecting the sender and the receiver is primarily verbal (vocal-auditory channel). Since the speaker in the scene is blind therefore there are not many visible facial gestures but the vocal tone (the highs and the lows) of the speaker compensates for his impairment. Senderââ¬â¢s blindness acts as the gatekeeper in this clip. The actor delivered the speech so well that his impairment (blindness) never obstructs to communic ate with people around him effectively.However, there is a little but effective use of hands to convey his message to the receivers. There is a little hint of psychological noise in the scene too, which is evident since the Dean does not want to hear the elevated and harsh tone of Frank. The context of the scene is in temporal and social-psychological dimension. The gravity of the situation forced the speaker in the clip to take an action in a harsh manner and the relation that had developed between Frank and Charles shows the social-psychological dimension.The clip also consist the element of ethics in it since Frank defended the innocent (Charles). The speaker with his high level of interpersonal competence convinces everyone in the hall to let justice prevail. 2) How do we see one of the 7 principles of Communication used in this scene? The clip is pretty rich in covering the principles of communication. However, the most obvious of them all is the purposefulness of interpersonal communication.Five such purposes can be identified in the scene; to learn- through interpersonal communication everyone in the scene learnt about justice; to relate- speakers closeness to Charlie(defendant) is evident through his words to defend him; to influence- the speaker through his word of justice persuaded and influenced everyone present in the event; to play- a formal outlay of the scene doesnââ¬â¢t introduces the element of playfulness; but the concept of help is pretty obvious in the form that the speaker is helping through his word to convince the jury and defend the Charles. ) Were your characters from individualistic or collectivist cultures? Explain how their characters affected the way they acted towards each other. The attitudes and behavior that are characteristics of a particular social group or organization defines culture. Frank the main speaker in the clip encultured rules, regulation, discipline and self obsession from army in his past which makes him lean towards individualistic culture but in his speech to support Charles he presents the tendency of collectivist culture.Whereas, Charles accultured tameness and shyness since he belonged to a hardworking middle class family which is evident throughout the movie and in and the clip as well. The Dean here shows the tendencies of individualistic culture since he portrays power, authority and discipline. Therefore, Frank and Dean throughout the clip talk aggressively, whereas, Charles act in a timid manner. 4) What is a stereotype, and what stereotypes are present in your scene? Stereotype is a fixed impression of a group of people.Stereotyping is not very evident in this particular clip but giving a verdict only on Charles whether intentionally or unintentionally by the Dean could be characterized as stereotyping. Another example of stereotyping is by Frank (Alpachino) where forms an impression about Charleââ¬â¢s peers involved in prank played against the Dean as rich parentââ¬â¢s spoiled brats. 5) Apply four parts of Johari Window to one of the character in your scene? Frank (Alpachino) is a confident, blunt and a straightforward retired army man is his openself.His hidden self is his remaining dreams for an adventure during the movie which he later reveals to Charles on the trip to New York. Franks explicit expression could be defined as his blindself since he doesnââ¬â¢t realize how the other person could be affected by his words and actions that he says and delivers. In the movie several times it can be seen that Franck experiences mood swings which is his unknown self, neither he nor anyone else talk about it but the audience watching the movie can identify it. 6) What is self-serving bias and explain how one character used it in your scene.When we take credit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative is called self-serving bias. In this particular scene Mr. Willis Jr. knowing he is responsible for the prank played on the dean, denies, lying to save himself that he was present at the location but did not have his contact lens on, therefore, could not see and referred Dean, Charles being present at the location. 7) How could your characters have increased the accuracy of their impression formation? In my opinion the only person in the scene who would need accuracy in impression formation would be the Dean.He needs to look into ââ¬ËANALYZE IMPRESSIONââ¬â¢ by avoiding early conclusions on the basis of his observations and ââ¬Å"REDUCE UNCERTAINIYâ⬠by learning about a person through others; in this case about Charles. 8) Apply all 5 stages of the process of listening to the scene in you movie. Since this scene mirrors court room scene which is formal and disciplined thus there is almost no noise present in the clip and the receiving of the message is very clear which helps the student, disciplinary committee, Dean and the suspects understand interpersonal communication easily.The remembering stage is onl y restricted to temporal dimension since itââ¬â¢s on short term basis but its impact would have remained in long term memory. Evaluation of the message is pretty easy too since its clear from the speech that Frank is trying to defend Charles. Studentââ¬â¢s reaction in form of an applaud towards the speech is the responding. 9) Name a listening barrier that you have witnessed in the scene? Premature Judgment is a listening barrier in this scene. Dean is drawing conclusions on incomplete evidence. He doesnââ¬â¢t want to listen to Frankââ¬â¢s speech and constantly try to stop him.It can be implied from Deanââ¬â¢s facial gestures (non-verbal communication) that he doesnââ¬â¢t want to listen to anything anymore and just want to give the verdict. 10) Based on what we have learned in our class, how could communication have been improved in this scene? Frank(Alpachino) is blind in this scene. I believe the communication could have been much more effective if Frank wasnâ⠬â¢t suffering from this impairment. Furthermore, if Dean would have listened to and analyzed the situation indifferently and wouldnââ¬â¢t have formed a premature judgment, it would have taken lesser time to come to a conclusion, thus, improving the communication.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Is Sociology a Science
Is Sociology a science? This paper will aim to explore the question ââ¬ËIs Sociology a science? ââ¬â¢ We will explore the definitions of Science and Sociology and then go onto examine various perspectives and theories surrounding the subject heading. Sociologists such as Durkheim, Comte and Weber will be examined. This paper is intended as an overview of two different schools of thought, those of positivist and anti-positivist approaches I will outline the main principals for each Sociologist covered. I will then give my personal views on the question, and attempt to answer it within my conclusion. Firstly, in order to examine the essay title it must be laid out exactly what we mean by ââ¬ËScienceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËSociologyââ¬â¢ Science definition. Science is, according to the Oxford dictionary 2002 ââ¬Å"The systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentsâ⬠. Sociology definition. Sociology on the other hand is described as, according to the Hutchins encyclopaedia , ââ¬Å"the systematic study of the origin of human society, in particular of social order and social change, social conflict and social problems. It studies institutions such as the family, law and the church, as well as concepts such as the norm, role, and culture. Sociology attempts to study people in their social environment according to underlying moral, philosophical and political codes of behaviour. â⬠There are various ââ¬Ëschools of thoughtââ¬â¢ when it comes to answering the question we are debating. This paper will take a brief look at approaches such as positivist and anti-positivist approaches. It is often debated that thee are two separate schools of thought when discussing Sociology. There is the first notion that Sociology is based on fact and figures using quantitive data and analysis. The second suggestion is that Sociology is based on qualitative data and is surrounded by the need to understand whyââ¬â¢s, whereââ¬â¢s and howââ¬â¢s that make up society. It is only right to start with the views of Emile Durkheim, who is seen as some, the father of sociology and one of the greatest positivists of all time. The term ââ¬Ëpositivistââ¬â¢ simply relates to a person/group of sociologists whom believe that Sociology to be a science ie quantative data analysis He expressed the need for quantitive data and in depth analysis in order to gain a true insight. He appreciated the fact that data and results were an accurate way of analysing and assessing the world and he applied these principals to the examination of society. In his text ââ¬ËThe Rules of Sociological Methodsââ¬â¢ (first published in 1895) Durkheim set out how he believed logic and methodology was the key to the successful study of ââ¬Ësociologyââ¬â¢. Emile Durkheim carried out what could be described as a famous study where he studied the suicide rates of European countries. This process weighted heavily on analysis of data and actual facts, just as science is based on facts. Durkheimââ¬â¢s argument was that any theory should be backed up with evidence. This evidence could only be found by the gathering and analysis of data. He believed that the correct route was to gather the data and develop theories that supported that evidence. Positivists view things ââ¬Å"in the same state of mind as the physicist, chemist or physiologist when he probes into a still unexplored region of the scientific domainâ⬠(Durkheim 1964: xiv). Durkheim is what we would call a ââ¬ËPositivistââ¬â¢. Positivists believe that there are many similarities to the research methods embraced by scientists. When we consider this fact is it very easy to state that a posivitist will only study when its subjects and analysis can be quantified ie they are measurable, and can be observed and reported on. Auguste Comte, whom is arguably one of the first Sociologists, sought an empirical way of thinking towards sociological issues . Comte states that sociology should only be concerned with matters where you can get results based on data collation and facts- not based on assumption. Comte believed it was possible to have a good handle on the prediction of further trends and patterns within society. Empirical evidence is the key in positivism. Comte argued that positivism goes through three stages, â⬠the law of the three stagesâ⬠. It ââ¬Ëclaims that human efforts to understand the human world have passed through theological, metaphysical and positive stages. ââ¬Ë (Giddens, 2006, page 11) Now we will go on to examine the ââ¬Ëother sides of the coinââ¬â¢ and look at the subjectivistsââ¬â¢ and realists sociologistsââ¬â¢ theories regarding sociology as a science. Various writers could be seen to be labelled anti-positivist, or believers that sociology is not a science. Such sociologists believe that the researcher should concern themselves with human cultural norms, values and processes that are viewed from a subjective perspective. Weber (1864-1920) defined sociology as ââ¬Ëa science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order to thereby arrive at a casual explanation of its course and effectsââ¬â¢ (1964 p88). Weber was one of the founders of the ââ¬Å"Verstehenâ⬠method, along with Simmel. Verstehen simply means ââ¬Å"understandingâ⬠or â⬠interpretationâ⬠. This method involves an outsider attempting to relate to a person or persons from a specific group of people from their point of view. The realists approach to Sociology generally consist of accepting that there are differences between science and sociology ââ¬â but it should be mentioned that this approach does allow for a social science. Andrew Sayer (1992) expressed differences between ââ¬Ëopen and closed systems as arenas of studyââ¬â¢ (Sociology in focus 638)A good example of this ââ¬Ëclosed systemââ¬â¢ would be a science lab where conditions can be heavily controlled, this gives way to fixed conditions that can be maintained or fluctuated by the lab. It has to be noted that a large amount of scientific research takes place outside of a controlled environment and this would be classed as an ââ¬Ëopen systemââ¬â¢ Sayer argues that the behaviour and interaction of human beings takes place in open arenas and therefore the results cannot be predicted with any accuracy attached to it. But realists do not rule out completely the fact that sociology is indeed a science. Realists can be perceived to argue that the study named sociology could be based on the same principals as ââ¬Ëscienceââ¬â¢ in the fact that both are concerned with exploring and evaluating an end roduct. Ray Pawson described the notion that there are two separate types of sociology as the ââ¬Ëmethodological mythââ¬â¢. He argues that two sociologies do not exist and that sociology is made up from a wide range of opinions Conclusion It has been shown within the context of this paper that Sociology can be viewed from both perspectives ie. As a science and t he opposing view that it cannot be classed as a science. From a personal perspective I believe that Sociology is indeed a science, if carried out in its ââ¬Ëtrue senseââ¬â¢. In order for sociologists to be taken seriously in the world we must quantify what we are saying. This must be done with the assistance of data and observation, then opinions must be formed based on this data and facts we have collated. It is simply not good enough to provide readers with ideas of what may be true, as this is surely just opinion, rather than fact! If sociology was solely about opinions rather than showing empirical evidence to back up ones claims then surely each and every individual on the planet could rightly call themselves sociologists.. Bibliography Bilton, T, Bonnett, K et al (1996) Introductory Sociology 3rd Edition. Mc Millan Press: London http://sociology. org. uk/atssp7. htm. Accessed 14/2/2010 Cotgrove, S (1967) The Science of Society: An Introduction to Sociology, Allen & Unwin: London Hutchins encyclopaedia Keat & Urry (1975) Social Theory as Science, Routledge: London Oxford Dictionary ( 2002) Taylor et all (2000) Sociology in focus Causeway press:London www. jstor. org/stable/4026005 accessed 1/2/10 http://www. emile-durkheim. com/ accessed 18/2/10 Is Sociology a Science Is Sociology a science? This paper will aim to explore the question ââ¬ËIs Sociology a science? ââ¬â¢ We will explore the definitions of Science and Sociology and then go onto examine various perspectives and theories surrounding the subject heading. Sociologists such as Durkheim, Comte and Weber will be examined. This paper is intended as an overview of two different schools of thought, those of positivist and anti-positivist approaches I will outline the main principals for each Sociologist covered. I will then give my personal views on the question, and attempt to answer it within my conclusion. Firstly, in order to examine the essay title it must be laid out exactly what we mean by ââ¬ËScienceââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËSociologyââ¬â¢ Science definition. Science is, according to the Oxford dictionary 2002 ââ¬Å"The systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentsâ⬠. Sociology definition. Sociology on the other hand is described as, according to the Hutchins encyclopaedia , ââ¬Å"the systematic study of the origin of human society, in particular of social order and social change, social conflict and social problems. It studies institutions such as the family, law and the church, as well as concepts such as the norm, role, and culture. Sociology attempts to study people in their social environment according to underlying moral, philosophical and political codes of behaviour. â⬠There are various ââ¬Ëschools of thoughtââ¬â¢ when it comes to answering the question we are debating. This paper will take a brief look at approaches such as positivist and anti-positivist approaches. It is often debated that thee are two separate schools of thought when discussing Sociology. There is the first notion that Sociology is based on fact and figures using quantitive data and analysis. The second suggestion is that Sociology is based on qualitative data and is surrounded by the need to understand whyââ¬â¢s, whereââ¬â¢s and howââ¬â¢s that make up society. It is only right to start with the views of Emile Durkheim, who is seen as some, the father of sociology and one of the greatest positivists of all time. The term ââ¬Ëpositivistââ¬â¢ simply relates to a person/group of sociologists whom believe that Sociology to be a science ie quantative data analysis He expressed the need for quantitive data and in depth analysis in order to gain a true insight. He appreciated the fact that data and results were an accurate way of analysing and assessing the world and he applied these principals to the examination of society. In his text ââ¬ËThe Rules of Sociological Methodsââ¬â¢ (first published in 1895) Durkheim set out how he believed logic and methodology was the key to the successful study of ââ¬Ësociologyââ¬â¢. Emile Durkheim carried out what could be described as a famous study where he studied the suicide rates of European countries. This process weighted heavily on analysis of data and actual facts, just as science is based on facts. Durkheimââ¬â¢s argument was that any theory should be backed up with evidence. This evidence could only be found by the gathering and analysis of data. He believed that the correct route was to gather the data and develop theories that supported that evidence. Positivists view things ââ¬Å"in the same state of mind as the physicist, chemist or physiologist when he probes into a still unexplored region of the scientific domainâ⬠(Durkheim 1964: xiv). Durkheim is what we would call a ââ¬ËPositivistââ¬â¢. Positivists believe that there are many similarities to the research methods embraced by scientists. When we consider this fact is it very easy to state that a posivitist will only study when its subjects and analysis can be quantified ie they are measurable, and can be observed and reported on. Auguste Comte, whom is arguably one of the first Sociologists, sought an empirical way of thinking towards sociological issues . Comte states that sociology should only be concerned with matters where you can get results based on data collation and facts- not based on assumption. Comte believed it was possible to have a good handle on the prediction of further trends and patterns within society. Empirical evidence is the key in positivism. Comte argued that positivism goes through three stages, â⬠the law of the three stagesâ⬠. It ââ¬Ëclaims that human efforts to understand the human world have passed through theological, metaphysical and positive stages. ââ¬Ë (Giddens, 2006, page 11) Now we will go on to examine the ââ¬Ëother sides of the coinââ¬â¢ and look at the subjectivistsââ¬â¢ and realists sociologistsââ¬â¢ theories regarding sociology as a science. Various writers could be seen to be labelled anti-positivist, or believers that sociology is not a science. Such sociologists believe that the researcher should concern themselves with human cultural norms, values and processes that are viewed from a subjective perspective. Weber (1864-1920) defined sociology as ââ¬Ëa science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order to thereby arrive at a casual explanation of its course and effectsââ¬â¢ (1964 p88). Weber was one of the founders of the ââ¬Å"Verstehenâ⬠method, along with Simmel. Verstehen simply means ââ¬Å"understandingâ⬠or â⬠interpretationâ⬠. This method involves an outsider attempting to relate to a person or persons from a specific group of people from their point of view. The realists approach to Sociology generally consist of accepting that there are differences between science and sociology ââ¬â but it should be mentioned that this approach does allow for a social science. Andrew Sayer (1992) expressed differences between ââ¬Ëopen and closed systems as arenas of studyââ¬â¢ (Sociology in focus 638)A good example of this ââ¬Ëclosed systemââ¬â¢ would be a science lab where conditions can be heavily controlled, this gives way to fixed conditions that can be maintained or fluctuated by the lab. It has to be noted that a large amount of scientific research takes place outside of a controlled environment and this would be classed as an ââ¬Ëopen systemââ¬â¢ Sayer argues that the behaviour and interaction of human beings takes place in open arenas and therefore the results cannot be predicted with any accuracy attached to it. But realists do not rule out completely the fact that sociology is indeed a science. Realists can be perceived to argue that the study named sociology could be based on the same principals as ââ¬Ëscienceââ¬â¢ in the fact that both are concerned with exploring and evaluating an end roduct. Ray Pawson described the notion that there are two separate types of sociology as the ââ¬Ëmethodological mythââ¬â¢. He argues that two sociologies do not exist and that sociology is made up from a wide range of opinions Conclusion It has been shown within the context of this paper that Sociology can be viewed from both perspectives ie. As a science and t he opposing view that it cannot be classed as a science. From a personal perspective I believe that Sociology is indeed a science, if carried out in its ââ¬Ëtrue senseââ¬â¢. In order for sociologists to be taken seriously in the world we must quantify what we are saying. This must be done with the assistance of data and observation, then opinions must be formed based on this data and facts we have collated. It is simply not good enough to provide readers with ideas of what may be true, as this is surely just opinion, rather than fact! If sociology was solely about opinions rather than showing empirical evidence to back up ones claims then surely each and every individual on the planet could rightly call themselves sociologists.. Bibliography Bilton, T, Bonnett, K et al (1996) Introductory Sociology 3rd Edition. Mc Millan Press: London http://sociology. org. uk/atssp7. htm. Accessed 14/2/2010 Cotgrove, S (1967) The Science of Society: An Introduction to Sociology, Allen & Unwin: London Hutchins encyclopaedia Keat & Urry (1975) Social Theory as Science, Routledge: London Oxford Dictionary ( 2002) Taylor et all (2000) Sociology in focus Causeway press:London www. jstor. org/stable/4026005 accessed 1/2/10 http://www. emile-durkheim. com/ accessed 18/2/10
Friday, September 13, 2019
Discuss the reading. What did you think of the story Did it have any Essay
Discuss the reading. What did you think of the story Did it have any meaning in your life Is it still relevant today Things you didn't like - Essay Example He is not ready to accept his aging. The society, after all, celebrates youth and beauty and neglects the old and the ugly. Prufrock is also materialistic, because he is concerned of materialistic concerns, such as sophisticated dress and language. Urban decay is also described through images of ââ¬Å"yellow fogâ⬠and ââ¬Å"yellow smoke.â⬠Yellow signifies the gangrene of materialistic modern living that destroys the environment and simplicity in people. The poem, in addition, uses repetition to express materialism. When Prufrock says ââ¬Å"And indeed there will be timeâ⬠several times, he is complaining of his boredom. It becomes palpable that he has no real social life and no permanent human relationships too, which indeed makes life boring. What I did not like about the poem is that it seems like it has been written by a schizophrenic person, because of the fragmented ideas that go circular. Prufrock does not focus on any idea and expands on it, because he gets easily distracted by different things or people. The poem demonstrates the mental decline of Prufrock and the citys urban decline. At the same time, it shows how materialism and vanity pervade in modern culture. A materialistic culture, hence, creates vain and superficial
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Critically analyzing a campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Critically analyzing a campaign - Essay Example The main points discussed will be summarised at the end of the paper. The problem of driving under the influence of alcohol is a cause for concern especially in the UK since it contributes to unprecedented deaths and injuries annually among the people involved in accidents while driving under the influence of alcohol. For instance, ââ¬Å"in 2011, 280 people died in the UK in drink driving incidents. Although the number of casualties caused by drink driving has dropped dramatically in the last 30 years, it is still the cause of 15 per cent of all road deaths,â⬠(Taylor, 2013). Strict penalties are also imposed to address this problem and it can be seen that drink drivers risk a fine of up to ?5,000, a minimum 12-month driving ban and a criminal record (Taylor, 2013). However, since this is an issue of high social interest, people need to be persuaded in order for them to positively change their behaviour in as much as drink driving is concerned. Persuasive communication through the use of social campaigns is one effective way of dealing with such kind of problem since it is designed to reinforce the message so that the desired goal can be achieved among the targeted people. In carrying out such a campaign, the media is strongly used and marketing principles are also utilized. The concept of social marketing was popularized by Philip Kotler. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004), social marketing is mainly concerned with behaviour change among a targeted audience. This type of communication uses marketing concepts though it is not meant to generate revenue but to influence behaviour change among the targeted group of audiences. Basically, a public or social campaign is a described as a purposive attempt to motivate behaviour change among a well defined and large audience (Rice & Atkin 1989 as cited in McQuail, 2000). This particular campaign is usually carried for non commercial benefit over a certain period of time by means of organized communication wh ich involves the use of mass media as well as interpersonal communication. The targeted audience is clearly defined and the expected goal of the communication campaign is properly laid out. In carrying out such a campaign, it can be noted that people need to be persuaded so that they can also share the same ideas with the people running the campaign. Mutual understanding among the targeted audience is likely to be promoted if all parties involved share the same vision towards a particular goal. This can be achieved through the use of social contract theory which is based on the ââ¬Å"the view that personsââ¬â¢ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live,â⬠(Friend, 2004). In case of the above mentioned campaign, the people in the UK are bound by a social contract that compels them to create a desirable society that is characterised by good behaviour with regards to the aspect of alcohol and driving. The problem of driving under the influence of alcohol affects all people and a holistic approach has to be taken in order to ensure that a good society is formed. This involves all people who are affected by this particular problem. This concept posits to the effect that people in a certain society are the masters of their own destiny since they can put rules and regulations that can guide their behaviour in order to
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Due Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Due Process - Essay Example The significance of due process to the United States criminal justice system is that it protects criminals from the government. Due process guarantees that no individual is deprived of their rights of life, liberty, or property without first begin given a chance to argue their own case (Morrison, 2008). If any of these aspects are at risk of being rid of, then due process is implemented, allowing them first a hearing or trial to determine their side of the case. Due process essentially goes along the lines of ââ¬Å"innocent until proven guiltyâ⬠; unless a person has been indeed proven guilty, they cannot be treated as something other than innocent, meaning that they are entitled to everything that the law offers them. While some states only allow due process to be implemented for people of the state, there are many other states that allow it to include individuals as well. Due process has helped many people in the criminal justice system hold on to their rights until a verdict has been set in their case. In a country that prides itself on freedom, the due process clause properly allows it in all
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11
Business law - Essay Example The two policy reforms considered in Australia include the proportionate liability and statutory capping schemes2. The various professional bodies governing auditing in Australia determine application of statutory capping. Nonetheless, statutory capping has various negative policy implications. One, it is a disadvantage to third parties who may be innocent victims of the auditors negligence. Two, it may induce the auditors to charge lower fees as they would expect to pay damages in case of a legal suit. Third, it allows for government interference in the auditing profession, which would hinder the independence of auditors. One. Tel Communication company reported losses of $290 million as a result, its share price collapsed and the directors were sued for negligence. ASIC sued Jodee Rich and Mark Silberman for failing to meet their duty of care causing the collapse of the company in May 2009. ASIC claimed that by failing to communicate true financial performance and financial position of the company, these directors did not exercise due care and diligence, which resulted to the cancellation of the proposed rights issue in 20013. The directors were found not guilty of negligence on accounts that the summary presented by ASIC about Mr. Richââ¬â¢s evidence was considered as false. The judge also implemented the business judgment rule under the Corporations Act 2001, Section 180(2). Directors whose conduct breached section 180(1) were provided defense in the business judgment rule4. HIH Insurance was among the biggest insurance companies in Australia. However, in March 2001, the company lost a value of about $5.3 billion and, in turn, became insolvent. Some management member was sued for fraud after the Prime minister, John Howard, created the Royal Commission to investigate the collapse of the company. Rodney, the main defendant, had three unsecured loan
Monday, September 9, 2019
Analyzing mills saying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Analyzing mills saying - Essay Example From the aforementioned statement, the English philosopher suggests that happiness or satisfaction is not the ultimate objective of performing an action or making a decision. This means that he does not quite agree to the principle of utility because he maintains that there would be a difference in the kinds of such individual. Meaning, a thing might be good, acceptable and brings happiness to someone but not to another. For the first person may be happy however, when someone looks deeper into what the former is satisfied about, it could be because that personââ¬â¢s standards are way below what his humanity demands of him. For example, one may find pleasure in sex but another finds it displeasing because the person acts immorally. That certain person acts like an animal which simply satisfies his wants. For Mill, he is likened to a pig. It is known that a pig does nothing but eat, sleep and relieves itself from the heat by swimming in the mud or worse, in its own dirt and it is sa tisfied with such kind of life. Therefore, the philosopher argues that he would rather be an unhappy human being than an animal which acts in such a manner but is still satisfied about itself. For the second person, he might be dissatisfied and unhappy but considers himself of higher morality than the former. This contradicts the philosophy of Bentham who says that a person is moral when his actions bring him happiness. Similarly, Mill believes that it is better to be a dissatisfied wise man than a satisfied fool. It is assumed that he argues that when a wise man is unhappy or dissatisfied about his actions or decisions, it is not only because he has done unacceptable things. Rather, the unhappiness and dissatisfaction might be the result of unmet high standard one has set for himself to achieve. In the same way, one cannot say that a person who is satisfied and happy with
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